Quote:
Originally Posted by kowalski
Back to you desert island thing: I think we already all know what we would do in that situation as genetic survival through replication is probably one of the base-est motivatins that there is. When faced with such a decision to either survive / reproduce or adhere to a social construct there wouldn't be any conflict in a rational and fully functioning human being.
Possibly ...
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Hmmm. So what does this make morality? Well I did a bit of reading. I've got a pretty cool book that I took out at the library about a year ago (the philosopher at the end of the universe - Mark Rowland) and didn't take it back (Kant would not be pleased K
). Theres some fairly simple interpretations in there including a chapter entitled "Why be moral", which is where I got this question from.
Ok, soooooooo according to Mark Rowland, the question of 'why be moral' is to look at the two reasons that we have as humans for doing things. One reason is that we want to do something. So if someone decides to shag someone else's bird, he did it cos he thought it was in his own interest. The other reason is that we believe that it is the right thing to do. Not necessarily right for us, but morally right, which does not always coincide with what we want. And then to look at why we allow these moral reasons to out weigh these prudential ones.
So why SHOULD we act morally. Well in this case there's 3 meanings on the word SHOULD, apparently. The first comes from a philosopher in the 15th century Thomas Hobbes, who saw all people as essentially egoists. He preached that we are all out to get what we can get, and we want as much of it as possible, and we'll do pretty much whatever it takes to get it (remember this was the 15th century) Problem with this though is everyone is gonna get pissed with each other, and as Hobbes said, a life situation would be 'solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short'. So this helped to form something called a social contract theory of morallity, in which the idea is everyone agrees on nnot fucking each other over, in return for not being fucked over themselves, ie I won't try to kill you if you don't try to kill me. The problem here though is that morality is associated with punishment, which is not really what morality is about. Rowland compares it to believing in God (in the hardcore sense), and acting morally because you don't want to go downstairs for an eternal bumming session
You are acting for your own self interest, rather than for anyone else's, which is a sociopathical way of thinking.
The second SHOULD is the moral one, which was supported by David Hume, who was against the social contract theory. He claimed that we are moral because there are actually a good number of peeps that are genuinly nice, and quite fond of each other, causing us to empathise with one another.
And the third SHOULD is the logical one. Immanuel Kant claimed that a moral wrongness is logical inconsistency. If, for example, everyone went around breaking promises, then nobody would trust one another, and therefore a 'promise' would cease to exist, leaving none to be broken. So he's basically saying if you are not moral, then you are not consistent, which looking at the picture as a whole, would obviously be detrimental to society. This doesn't answer the question however as to why WE as individuals should be moral, it just looks at why WE as society should act morally.
And pretty annoyingley, he ends the chapter basically saying that the question of 'why be moral' doesn't really have an answer. I'll quote the last bit which I think sums it up
"There may be no ultimate reason for being or becoming one sort of person rather than another. It is something we just do. It is our action, rather than our reasons, that lies at the bottom of the self definition game. The beginning of morality is the question 'why be moral?' And in the beginning lies the deed."